J. Apilluelo, L. Asquith, E.F. Bannister, J.L. Beney, X. de La Bernardie, T.J.C. Bezerra, M. Bongrand, C. Bourgeois, H. Boutalha, D. Breton, M. Briere, A. Cabrera, A. Cadiou, E. Calvo, V. Chaumat, E. Chauveau, B.J. Cattermole, M. Chen, P. Chimenti, T. Ċornet, D.F. Cowen, C. Delafosse, S. Dusini, A. Earle, C. Frigerio-Martins, J. Galán, A. Gallas, J.A. García, R. Gazzini, A. Gibson-Foster, C. Girard-Carillo, W.C. Griffith, J.J. Gómez-Cadenas, M. Guittière, F. Haddad, J. Hartnell, A. Holin, G. Hull, I.G. Irastorza, I. Jovanovic, L. Koch, J.F. Le Du, C. Lefebvre, F. Lefevre, F. Legrand, P. Loaiza, J.A. Lock, G. Luzón, J. Maalmi, J.P. Malhado, F. Mantovani, C. Marquet, M. Martínez, B. Mathon, D. Navas-Nicolás, H. Nunokawa, J.P. Ochoa-Ricoux, C. Palomares, D. Petyt, P. Pillot, J.C.C. Porter, M.S. Pravikoff, H. Ramarijaona, M. Roche, R. Rosero, P. Rosier, B. Roskovec, M.L. Sarsa, S. Schoppmann, A. Serafini, C. Shepherd-Themistocleous, W. Shorrock, L. Simard, S.R. Soleti, H.Th.J. Steiger, D. Stocco, V. Strati, J.S. Stutzmann, F. Suekane, A. Tunc, N. Tuccori, A. Verdugo, B. Viaud, S.M. Wakely, A. Weber, G. Wendel, A.S. Wilhelm, M. Yeh, F. Yermia,
Characterization of a radiation detector based on opaque water-based liquid scintillator,
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment,
Volume 1071,
2025,
170075,
ISSN 0168-9002,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2024.170075.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168900224010015)
Abstract: We present the characterization of a novel radiation detector based on an opaque water-based liquid scintillator. Opaque scintillators, also known as LiquidO, are made to be highly scattering, such that the scintillation light is effectively confined, and read out through wavelength-shifting fibers. The 1-liter, 32-channel prototype demonstrates the capability for both spectroscopy and topological reconstruction of point-like events. The design, construction, and evaluation of the detector are described, including modeling of the scintillation liquid optical properties and the detector’s response to gamma rays of several energies. A mean position reconstruction error of 4.4 mm for 1.6 MeV-equivalent events and 7.4 mm for 0.8 MeV-equivalent events is demonstrated using a simple reconstruction approach analogous to center-of-mass.
Keywords: Opaque scintillators; Position-sensitive detectors; Wavelength-shifting fibers; Water- based liquid scintillator; LiquidO